[Nthawi zina]Perchloric acid
[Molecular Formula]HClO4
[Katundu]Oxyacid wa klorini, wopanda mtundu komanso wowoneka bwino, wamadzimadzi kwambiri wa hygroscopic, ndipo amasuta kwambiri mumlengalenga.Kachulukidwe wachibale: 1.768 (22/4 ℃);malo osungunuka: - 112 ℃;malo otentha: 16 ℃ (2400Pa).Asidi wamphamvu.Zimasungunuka m'madzi ndi mowa, ndipo zimakhala zokhazikika zitasungunuka m'madzi.Njira yamadzimadzi imakhala ndi madulidwe abwino.Anhydrous perchloric acid ndi wosakhazikika kwambiri ndipo sangathe kukonzekera pansi pa kupanikizika kwabwino.Nthawi zambiri, hydrate yokha imatha kukonzekera.Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya ma hydrate.Asidi wokhazikika nawonso ndi wosakhazikika.Idzawola ikangoikidwa.Idzawola kukhala chlorine dioxide, madzi ndi okosijeni ikatenthedwa ndi kuphulika.Imakhala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni amphamvu ndipo imathanso kuyambitsa kuphulika ikalumikizana ndi zinthu zoyakanso monga kaboni, mapepala ndi tchipisi tamatabwa.Dilute acid (yosakwana 60%) imakhala yokhazikika, ndipo ilibe okosijeni ikazizira.Kusakaniza kwapamwamba kwambiri kowira komwe kumakhala ndi 71.6% perchloric acid kumatha kupangidwa.Perchloric acid amatha kuchita zachiwawa ndi chitsulo, mkuwa, zinki, ndi zina zambiri kuti apange ma oxides, amachitira ndi P2O5 kuti apange Cl2O5, ndikuwola ndikuchotsa phosphorous ndi sulfure kukhala phosphoric acid ndi sulfuric acid.]
[Mapulogalamu]Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma perhlorates, esters, fireworks, zophulika, mfuti, filimu komanso kuyeretsa diamondi yokumba.Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati oxidant amphamvu, chothandizira, electrolyte batire, zitsulo pamwamba mankhwala wothandizira ndi zosungunulira kwa acrylonitrile polymerization.Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito muzamankhwala, migodi ndi smelting, electroplating lead ndi mafakitale ena.Perchloric acid ndi ayoni potaziyamu amapanga potaziyamu perchlorate yosungunuka pang'ono, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa potaziyamu.