[Alias]Perchloric acid
[Molecular Formula]HClO4
[Lawv]Oxyacid ntawm chlorine, tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab, tsis tshua muaj hygroscopic kua, thiab muaj zog haus luam yeeb hauv huab cua.txheeb ze ntom ntom: 1.768 (22/4 ℃);melting point: -112 ℃;Kub taw tes: 16 ℃ (2400Pa).Muaj zog acid.Nws yog soluble hauv dej thiab cawv, thiab yog qhov ruaj khov heev tom qab soluble hauv dej.Cov tshuaj aqueous muaj qhov zoo conductivity.Anhydrous perchloric acid tsis ruaj tsis khov thiab tsis tuaj yeem npaj tau raws li qhov qub.Feem ntau, tsuas yog hydrate tuaj yeem npaj tau.Muaj rau hom hydrates.Cov concentrated acid kuj tsis ruaj khov.Nws yuav decompose tam sim ntawd tom qab muab tso rau.Nws yuav decompose rau hauv chlorine dioxide, dej thiab oxygen thaum rhuab thiab tawg.Nws muaj cov nyhuv oxidation muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tawg thaum sib cuag nrog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab xws li carbon, ntawv thiab ntoo chips.Dilute acid (tsawg dua 60%) yog qhov ruaj khov, thiab tsis muaj oxidation thaum txias.Qhov sib xyaw ua kom kub siab tshaj plaws uas muaj 71.6% perchloric acid tuaj yeem tsim.Perchloric acid tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob hnyav nrog hlau, tooj liab, zinc, thiab lwm yam los tsim oxides, react nrog P2O5 los tsim Cl2O5, thiab decompose thiab oxidize elemental phosphorus thiab sulfur rau hauv phosphoric acid thiab sulfuric acid.]
[Daim ntawv thov]Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov perchlorates, esters, fireworks, explosives, gunpowder, zaj duab xis thiab purification ntawm dag pob zeb diamond.Nws kuj yog siv los ua oxidant muaj zog, catalyst, roj teeb electrolyte, hlau kho tus neeg saib xyuas thiab hnyav rau acrylonitrile polymerization.Nws kuj yog siv hauv tshuaj, mining thiab smelting, electroplating lead thiab lwm yam lag luam.Perchloric acid thiab potassium ions tsim me ntsis soluble poov tshuaj perchlorate, uas tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab poov tshuaj.